ABSTRACT
The origins of urbanism are in Catalhoyuk and Mesopotamia where urban settlements began to develop. The rate of migration has steadily increased resulting in approximately 3 per cent of the world's population. With the introduction of computers and Information Communications Technologies (ICT) the systems became more sophisticated so that Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) could offer decision support. The infrastructure has further enhanced using Co-operative Vehicle Highway Systems (CVHS) so that it forms the transportation core of a smart city. Planning evaluation methods have evolved from Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) to Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and Social Impact Assessment (SIA), with techniques such as Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) to planning balance sheets and Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA). Gil and Duarte provide a review of over 35 sustainable urban development evaluation tools. The project set out to initially explore sustainable urban planning by accounting for urban metabolism focusing on the integration of the four key topic areas of energy, water, carbon and pollutants.
