Anti-Chinese violence in Java during the Indonesian Revolution, 1945–49

During the Indonesian struggle against the Dutch, from 1945–49, the Chinese minority, accused of collaborating with Dutch colonialism, suffered continual violence, even following the chaotic period of 1945–46. Incidents occurred in areas the Dutch had recently captured and then evacuated or in places where the Indonesian forces were retreating from the Dutch attacks, especially during the so-called Police Actions. Although the losses did not reach genocidal proportions in terms of numbers, the destruction of Chinese property, forced evacuation, atrocities and loss of life involved serious incidents, attributable especially to irregular forces and to elements of the Indonesian army.