ABSTRACT
With forest uses evolving, managers are challenged with balancing competing values among a diversity of stakeholders – from those who see the forest for the intrinsic value of ecosystems, including trees and wildlife habitat, to those who see the forest for its economic assets in the form of timber or biomass, or those that see the forest for its recreational opportunities. These values held by groups or individuals within each of these “categories” of stakeholders are not uniform either; nor do they necessarily hold steady over time. With changing climate, demographics, and permutations of these uses, as well as the potential for forests to mitigate and safeguard us in the battle to arrest climate change, forest managers benefit from tools to ascertain the ethical dimensions of their management decisions.
