ABSTRACT
Outdoor therapeutic practice delivery can be achieved by therapists and outdoor adventure professionals working together to provide adventure therapy. The provision of psychological therapies has developed over many years, and historical and theoretical influences have steered its development and applications of practice to date. Different terms are often used for therapeutic practice outdoors such as adventure therapy, wilderness therapy, adventure-based counselling, nature therapy and eco-therapy. An understanding of theoretical modalities in counselling and psychotherapy helps point to orientations that influence adventure therapy practice. A notable challenge is not to sacrifice adventure therapy's uniqueness as a therapeutic practice in a different environment to that of therapeutic practice indoors. An ongoing question and debate is whether adventure therapy is a therapeutic approach with a separate identity from other therapeutic modalities, an eclectic approach or, simply, 'a specialist application of adventure activities'. A range of techniques can be used to enhance therapeutic opportunities.
