ABSTRACT
Classical socialism was a movement to replace the unplanned and exploitative institutions of capitalism with national planning, public ownership and distribution according to human need rather than by the arbitrary capriciousness of the market. Its goals were to distribute economic resources broadly among the people in order to create the conditions for widespread, substantive freedom and to end alienating, exploitative labor processes. Traditional notions of socialism and communism are often defined in terms of ownership rights in the means of production, which are sometimes understood to be the product of an evolutionary process driven by technological development. Communism represents a higher form of development in which productive property becomes the common property of the working class, as the state withers away. Van der Veen and Van Parijs capitalist road to communism via establishment of a sizeable universal basic income is one concrete form in which socialist or communist government might distribute the surplus to attain human needs.
