ABSTRACT
Three decades ago the intelligence theorist Mikhail Bongard (1970) posed an outstanding challenge to artificial intelligence, bringing a remarkable set of 100 visual pattern understanding problems where two classes of figures are presented and the pattern recognizer (either a human or a machine) is asked to identify the conceptual distinction between them. Sometimes the classes are opposite in terms of this conceptual distinction, such as large figures versus small figures, and other times there may be properties or relations holding between boxes in one class, but not in the other, such that there is always some aspect to distinguish the classes.
