ABSTRACT
The new reproductive technologies have the potential to significantly affect both the psychological development of individuals who are the products of these technologies and the psychological attitudes of parents who use these vehicles. Psychological principles help parents to understand the psychological effects of the new technologies; Special circumstances of parenting and birth stimulate fantasies in parents and children, which in turn influence the child's personality and identity; Human parenting does not require a biological connection; nonbiological parents can be equally effective nurturers. Some women may feel inadequate and therefore have difficulties attaching to a child if they have not experienced pregnancy, but this is by no means the rule for adoptive mothers. The surrogate often had enjoyed previous pregnancies, and felt that being pregnant was something she could do well, an achievement. There was less pleasure and investment in the task of raising children itself for some of these women.
