ABSTRACT
SUMMARY. Machine-paced work and shiftwork are highly prevalent working conditions commonly believed to have adverse individual and organizational consequences. This article examines the empirical evidence for such effects, and acknowledges the conceptual and methodological problems which have clearly plagued pacing and shiftwork researchers. The literature on pacing while suggestive of overall health and performance effects indicates that the magnitude of such effects are in all likelihood situationally and individually determined. Very little is known, however, about such interactions. Similarly, the shiftwork literature is contradictory and inconclusive. Shiftwork appears to affect both the quality and quantity of sleep and to disrupt a wide range of physiological and behavioral circadian rhythms. The long-term consequences of these effects are still not known.
