ABSTRACT
Russian psychology as a scientific discipline emerged in the second part of the 19th century and, from its very beginning, was an integral part of the European psychology movement. The cultural-historical theory formulated a most important principle typical of all the subsequent Soviet psychology. Considering “activity”, one usually means the goal-directed modification of the world by a person, in the course of which the person’s self also changes. The Russian word obschenie means a specific form of human interaction with others, in the course of which not only the exchange of information takes place, but also the exchange of actions and states. In spite of the importance of sociocultural determinants of the structure of activities and interaction/communication, there was still another category that became the central concept of Soviet science. The category of psychological reflection and mental image as its product are closely connected with Marxist gnosiology.
