ABSTRACT
This chapter presents two parts, in part 1 Raintree writes a retrospective that begins with a brief overview of the context and content of the 1986 paper and then examines how the 'pathways' concept and the specific technological hypotheses put forth in that paper have fared. This provides a framework for a parallel narrative on the interplay between formal and indigenous science in the course of key developments in agroforestry. In part 2, with a focus on community forestry, Warner takes a contemporary look at what was left out of the original paper, mainly because it involved developments that had not yet occurred. It was found ironic the man who set out to replace shifting cultivation with agroforestry alternatives should end up reaffirming the indigenous wisdom on which it was based. The International Council for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) of the 1980s was genuinely dedicated to promoting culturally proper forms of land use.
