ABSTRACT
Randomness is a concept that somehow eludes satisfactory definition. Devices that are random by definition, such as fair coins, can nonetheless generate series of outcomes that lack the appearance of randomness (e.g., a very long string of Heads), whereas some digit series, although clearly patterned, define normal numbers, namely, numbers whose decimal form provably passes all tests for randomness (e.g., the infinite series obtained from writing down all the counting numbers in order: https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> 1234567891011121314151617181920212223 . . . ) . https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781315799582/b70f8155-196f-45a0-84ff-2b7a440bb1b8/content/math_111_B.tif" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/>
