ABSTRACT
Clinical reports and empirical studies o f other victimized populations indicate that similar responses are observed. Self-blame, helplessness, and depression, as well as acting out and aggression seem to be common correlates o f physical abuse and neglect (cf. Barahal, Waterman, & Martin, 1981; Briere 8c Runtz, 1988a; Kazdin, Moser, Colbus, & Bell, 1985; Wolfe 8c Moske, 1983). Some authors have suggested that these responses may result from a breakdown in general caretaking o f chil dren (Azar, Barnes, 8c Twentyman, 1988) and/or are correlates o f family isolation and disruption (Harter, Alexander, 8c Neimeyer, 1988). Yet, many o f the same responses have also been reported as correlates o f stress and trauma unrelated to family dynamics (cf. Keane, Zimering, 8c Caddell, 1985; Lyons 8c Keane, 1989; Pynoos 8c Eth, 1984; Saigh, 1986; Terr, 1981b). Thus, as Janoff-Bulm an and Frieze (1983) suggest, com mon responses to victimization can be identified across populations.
