ABSTRACT
The material symbols of the sky and Earth moieties of the Winnebago are found to have related logically to natural objects or phenomena relevant to the principal clans of these moieties, the Thunderbird and Bear Clans. The ball-headed warclub had a symbolic association with thunderbolts, believed to have been produced by the thunderbird, the eponymic animal of the Thunderbird Clan. Referrents can be found for the angled, flat warclub of the Earth moiety in the polar constellations Ursa Major and Ursa Minor, an inference supported by the clear relationship of the crook staffs of the Winnebago Bear Clan to Ursa Major and the implicit relationship of the xonecuilli club in Mexico to Ursa Minor as the xonecuilli constellation.
