ABSTRACT
This chapter describes how thinking skills might develop through programming. It presents evidence from some studies that indirectly address the question: how much computer programming experience is required to attain the proficiency conditions? A consequence is that there are proficiency conditions for the development of thinking skills through programming. The chapter discusses programming as a design activity and some particular design skills involved in programming. The program code—the solution to the design problem—represents a sequence of computations that leads to the desired result. There are proficiency conditions within programming for the development of design skills through programming. These conditions include skill in coding and skill in program design. Logo has specific features that support certain design skills. The chapter offers a few guidelines for programming instruction and focuses on the programming knowledge needed to meet the proficiency conditions.
