ABSTRACT
In Lebra's (chapter 12, this volume) conceptualization, Japanese socialization practices are a synthesis of empathic and positional socialization. Each mode sends a different message, and the dialectics that synthesize them are important in understanding Japanese childrearing practices. Basic to the two modes of socialization is the uchi-soto dichotomy, as Lebra points out. Uchi, or inside, is the sphere of private and intimate interpersonal relationships. Soto, or outside, is a sphere of public and formal relationships. Positional socialization is for soto, and empathetic socialization is for uchi. This distinction is not unique to Japan. In any culture, children are to some extent socialized into distinguishing between uchi and soto. In Japan, however, the ecological validity of this distinction is strikingly high.
