ABSTRACT
The Rod-and-Frame Test (RFT) was developed by Witkin and Asch (1948) to study the role of visual and gravitational cues to the vertical axis of space. The subjects of Witkin and Asch's studies viewed a tilted square frame and a rod in an otherwise dark room. The frame was large (subtending 40° of visual angle), and it surrounded the rod. The observer's task was to rotate the rod to a position that looked upright.
