ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the current state of knowledge on some of the questions which were touched upon in the introduction, drawing on the evidence that has been presented in the various studies. Researchers can neither resort to aggregate data on the emissions of the industry as a whole, nor can they easily obtain figures for the emissions of the major firms. The pulp and paper industry and the chemical industry have been the most exposed internationally to environmental pressures and it is not surprising that they are amongst the most environmentally active sectors in Latin America. The chemical industry is also environmentally highly sensitive because it uses and produces toxic and hazardous materials and has been the cause of a number of major incidents internationally and in Latin America. Environmental management is relatively more developed in the chemical industry than in other sectors.
