ABSTRACT
This chapter explores possible roles for biosphere reserves in an era of climate change, with particular reference to North America, especially its far northern latitudes. It begins with a discussion of the evolution of the concept, focusing on the involvement of multiple entities in decision making in the outer zone of biosphere reserves. Then case studies of existing and potential biosphere reserves in North America are presented, and conclusions are offered with regard to the application of the concept. The focus throughout is on values of biosphere reserves for human societies. There were many difficulties in integrating biosphere reserves into regional contexts involving diverse administrative agencies, landownerships, and land uses. For biosphere reserves—or other initiatives—to work effectively in a regional context, they should be developed cooperatively by a number of organizations and institutions with adequate funding. The impetus for development should preferably not come from the principal regional land management agency, and many stakeholders should be included from the outset.
