ABSTRACT
The interaction between a highly capitalist land settlement and a social structure that was much too primitive, gave rise to agrarian conflicts from the very beginning of colonial rule. Tensions increased sharply in the twentieth century for a multiplicity of reasons. By around the 1930s they crystallised into an organised and widespread movement led by the ‘Kisan Sabha’. The Kisan Sabha, during its short life, has undergone various experiences in programme formulation, organisational layout and interaction with various political parties, while remaining the most political force in Bihar. It was ultimately successful in bringing down the old and unsuitable settlement after the country won freedom.
But only the better-off among the peasants could reap the benefit; the misery of the poorer section increased, even though the independent government announced that it would undertake land reform measures. In the post-colonial period, differentiation of the peasantry proceeded at a fast rate, and consequently agrarian movements changed in character.
Since the late 1960s the poorest section have taken action under different ideologies. They are not yet well organised, but they are moving gradually in that direction. Significant progress has been made under the auspices of various parties, specifically in Tundi, Champaran and Bhojpur.
