ABSTRACT
Narrators can participate in the action in different ways according to the moral, physical and/or temporal distance separating them from the other characters and/or from the author and reader. Thus, narrator-agents can be further classified as 'reliable' or 'unreliable' if their opinions and values coincide or clash with those of others and they can also be 'isolated' or 'supported' by other narrators in the story. In so far as a novel does not refer directly to this author, there will be no distinction between him and the implied, undramatized narrator; in Hemingway's 'The Killers', for example, there is no narrator other than the implicit second self that Hemingway creates as he writes. We should remind ourselves that many dramatized narrators are never explicitly labeled as narrators at all. In a sense, every speech, every gesture, narrates; most works contain disguised narrators who are used to tell the audience what it needs to know, while seeming merely to act out their roles.
