Introduction

The study of English urban history between 1688 and 1820, what may conveniently be called the long eighteenth century, was, until the last decade or so, relatively neglected. Attention focused on the more overtly 'eventful' periods before the Civil War and after the inception of the Industrial Revolution. This introduction examines the issue of continuity is one of the key themes. The second issue addresses of urban identity. Though much has been written which touches obliquely upon English towns between 1688 and 1820, it is doubtful to what extent the majority of this constitutes urban history. With these concerns in mind examines the nine broad areas of urban life: the urban system, demography, the economy, social structure, standards of living, the environment, politics, religion, and culture. Exploration of these subjects will place the readings reproduced in this collection in a general context, though each contribution is prefaced by a brief comment intended to highlight its special significance.