ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on regional differences and similarities in demographic change. In terms of numbers of people, the largest nations in eastern and southern Africa include the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), South Africa, Kenya and Tanzania, all with over 30 million, and the other countries range down to Swaziland, Botswana, Namibia and Lesotho, all with very small populations of less than 2 million. The starting point for examining the population geography of this region is population size. The chapter also focuses on Fertility, that refers to the number of live births in a society and is usually measured by the total fertility rate (TFR), the average number of children that would be born alive to a woman during her lifetime if she were to bear children at the prevailing age-specific rates. It talks about the age-sex structure, which is a composition or structure of a country's population is the proportion of males and females in each age group.
