ABSTRACT
Beginning in early June 2013, The Guardian, The New York Times and other media have reported in unprecedented detail on the surveillance activities of the US National Security Agency (NSA) and other intelligence services, based on documents leaked by Edward Snowden, an employee of defence contractor Booz Allen Hamilton at the NSA. The leaked documents have revealed how extensively the intelligence agencies have been surveilling whole populations as well as political leaders, United Nations (UN) officials, and businesses such as Google, Petrobas and many others. In other words, the NSA, the UK’s Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) and others have been engaged in mass surveillance.
