ABSTRACT
This chapter identifies the interplay between biodiversity and the manufacturing, transport and renewable energy sectors, and particularly the emergence of potential green-economic trade-offs. The renewable energy sector has become key in the efforts to transition to a Green Economy, due to its huge climate change mitigation and fossil energy-saving potential. The pharmaceutical industry is perhaps the most emblematic example of the direct economic benefits accrued by biodiversity in the manufacturing sector. However, the manufacturing sector can also have very negative biodiversity outcomes. The most well-studied impacts of the manufacturing sector are related to the emission of pollutants into the atmospheric, terrestrial and aquatic environment. Unsurprisingly, the main threat to biodiversity arises from the collision risk posed to birds and bats, as well as from the down draught generated by the spinning blades. Decline in water quality due to hydropower projects (upstream, downstream and within the reservoir) can also have negative biodiversity impacts.
