ABSTRACT
The amount of time taken (or allocated) to develop strategies in industrial countries has varied between about six months and three years, varying in some cases according to the process involved (Table 4.1). Those adopting a participatory approach with broad stakeholder involvement have tended to take two to three years (for example, Canada’s Projet de société, New Zealand’s Resource Management Act). In contrast, those prepared as a form of government report following established procedures (such as a bill to Parliament), have generally been completed in less than a year (for example, Norway’s 1992 Report No 13 to the Storting on the UNCED follow-up, and Sweden’s 1993 ‘Towards Sustainable Development’ government bill). Duration of Strategy Preparation
|
Australia, NSESD |
c18 months (August 1990–Dec 1992) |
|
Canada, Projet de société |
c3 years (1992−5) |
|
Canada, Green Plan |
18 months (1989−90) |
|
Denmark, Nature and Envir. Policy Plan |
1 year (June 1994–June 1995) |
|
European Union, Fifth EAP |
18 months (mid-1991–February 1993) |
|
France, PNE |
6 months (1989) |
|
France, CSD |
open process (1994−) |
|
Latvia, NEPPL |
18 months (December 1993–April 1995) |
|
Latvia, NEAP (NEPPL implementation prog) |
c1 year (November 1994–October 1995) |
|
Netherlands, NEPPs |
NEPP c 2 years (1987−9) |
|
NEPP+: c5 months (revision in 1990) |
|
|
NEPP2: c1 year (mid-1992–Sept 1993) |
|
|
Netherlands, Action Plan: Sust Neth |
2 years (1991−3) |
|
New Zealand, RMA |
3 years (1988−91) |
|
New Zealand, Envir. 2010 |
1 year (October 1994–September 1995) |
|
Norway, Rep 46 |
2 years (1987−9) |
|
Norway, Rep 13 |
6 months (1992) |
|
Poland, NEP |
< 1 year (1990) |
|
Sweden, government bill |
< 1 year (spring–December 1993) |
|
Sweden, Enviro ’93 |
c18 mths (autumn 1991–summer 1993) |
|
UK, Sustainable Development Strategy |
c9 months (spring 1993–January 1994) |
|
USA, PCSD |
c 2.5 years (June 1993–February 1996) |
|
USA, Envir Goals Project |
c3 years (1992–summer 1995) |
