Is Japanese capitalism still co-ordinated?

This chapter is devoted to the second dimension — that of co-ordination — of the Japanese model previously outlined, which sees it as a co-ordinated form of capitalism. We presented in the Introduction the foundations and the theoretical nature of this concept. Here we shall concentrate on the concrete forms of co-ordination and the ways in which they have evolved, distinguishing principally five: the structure of keiretsu, sub-contracting, the shunto, ‘bureau-pluralism’ and industrial policy.