ABSTRACT
A survey of Californian residents' associations by S. E. Barton & C. J. Silverman indicated that 23 per cent of associations had difficulty filling seats on the board. The Building Manager Association was formed in 1997, the most influential private association in the development of HOAs. Illustrating the maturing of this private governance market, private professional associations have started to emerge. Property management companies and developers have an important influence in the initiation and operation of homeowners associations (HOA) in Taiwan. Developers are required by law to help organise associations in new developments. Property management companies and associated private professional associations voluntarily help existing communities to organise collective action. Thus, through market competition, property management companies appear to be increasingly well placed to organise efficient community management and to service private community governance. Primitive HOAs and their constitutions existed before the Condominium Management Law of 1995 and like that law, attempted to attend to the practical needs of homeowners.
