ABSTRACT
There are new strategies for generating the capital accumulation which deepen poverty and intensify social marginalization in America's Rust Belt cities. Rust Belt America and its towns and cities continue to struggle and find new ways to facilitate capital accumulation during the current cycle of crisis in capitalism. An important characteristic of neoliberalism is that it creates contradictory processes that feed both hegemonic and counter-hegemonic forces. A burgeoning literature has documented how grassroots activism can find the spaces left behind by capital and state neglect as arenas of action. The dominant literature on globalization, immigration, and social movements offers many insights into the possibilities for emerging transnational spaces, but this body of work is inadequate. The inadequacy lies not only in an urban bias toward large metropolitan centers as hotbeds of immigration and immigrants action, but also in a bias toward forms of action that are large-scale, collective, and confrontational.
