ABSTRACT

In most social systems, expectations about the future, along with imperfect knowledge about the present and the past, determine individual choices. Stock trading, currency markets, and the planning of production cycles provide a few examples of such behaviour. Expectations form as a result of the intentional nature of social agents, a property which is absent in the objects that are the purview of physics and chemistry. It is because of this that a dynamical formulation of social interactions entails a different approach, one in which the future enters explicitly in the equations describing the evolution of the system.