ABSTRACT
Among the Pukhtun tribes of Pakistan the cognitive symbols of religion are as visible as they are seen to be important to their members in defining orthodox forms of religion, allocating status and measuring religiosity in society. I shall describe how sometimes trivial symbols like growing a beard indicate conformity with religious tradition and are interpreted as being of social significance. The symbols in society that I shall be describing constitute those perceived by members of society and therefore are seen through the actor's eyes. The symbols of religion are to be interpreted as both social and religious signposts in society; the former often overlapping with the latter. The role of religious groups as guardians and interpreters of Islamic mores and traditions will be discussed in the latter half of the paper.
