ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on early historical common ground on ideology but substantial economic plan variation between and within nations. It revisits the historical context of the Bandung Conference of 1955, and subsequent 'Third Worldism' challenges. Even at Bandung, it appears that national economic goals were quite distinct as part of a wider nation-building philosophy, and within groups of countries, the economic strategies deployed for similar goals were sufficiently different. The chapter therefore discusses the practical context and some examples of economic development plans and the contradictions they contain. Because such plans often require dealing with multiple levels of economic governance in contexts where such governance capabilities are mixed at best, and for economic activity that often involves scale and scope, such contradictions may be inevitable. The traded context is vital to understanding the domestic political argument for planning autonomy.
