ABSTRACT
This chapter examines several aspects of combating online hate speech and especially concentrates on international human rights instruments, relevant case law and the responsibility of intermediaries, and provides some examples of domestic pilots to combat online hate speech. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation is a key organisation which has actively studied measures related to combating hate speech online. The European Court of Human Rights has developed significant case law that provides basic principles regarding hate speech. In comparison to offline speech, the dialogue on hate speech is strongly connected to the question of how liability extends to internet intermediaries rather than public authorities. One of the most thought-provoking issues concerning hate speech online is what happens to the different national doctrines concerning hate speech and how they influence online hate speech doctrines. The combat of online hate speech needs to include diverse and innovative methods.
