ABSTRACT
This paper is concerned with the effects of a growing scarcity of land on the social structure of the Xhosa of Keiskammahoek District in the Eastern Cape Province, and the Nyakyusa of south Tanganyika. There are important differences between these peoples, but the changes taking place in land-tenure are basically similar, and the comparison illustrates certain common reactions to pressure on land. Both peoples have ceased to be isolated and economically self-sufficient, and both have increased so that the land they occupy can no longer maintain them unless they change their techniques.
