ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on the resurgence of militancy and security threats in the Niger Delta between 2010 and 2017. Most of the militant groups in the Niger Delta drew inspiration from the bravery of a Niger Delta hero, Isaac Boro, who staged a rebellion against the military government of General Aguiyi-Ironsi in February 1966. There have been some attempts at integrating aspects of human development initiatives into existing conflict transformation frameworks with the aim of making militants retreat from the use of violence as a tool for staking claims and making demands. In the context of conflict transformation, there is a significant difference between the old and new militant groups. A critical examination of the old militant groups, revealed that most of their leaders are now hardly heard of, or hardly issue threats as they did prior to the presidential amnesty programme when they were obstacles to peace.
