ABSTRACT
The chapter refers to the last decade of the 20th century, which gave additional factors to the Kashmir conflict and the policies of India and Pakistan. In particular, the nuclearisation of bilateral relations and the eruption of the anti-India insurgency in the Kashmir Valley provided more international coverage to the conflict. The nuclear aspect transformed the regional geopolitical climate, the nature of bilateral rivalry and introduced the ‘logic’ of strategic nuclear deterrence. It did not exclude the risk of military confrontation between India and Pakistan: in 1999, the fourth conflict erupted in high altitude Kargil area.
