This part introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters. The part analyzes the key challenges facing policymakers with respect to control and oversight of the sex industry to conclude that collaborative governance with sex worker advocacy groups’ full participation in policy design and implementation is a best practice. It identifies best practices for the regulation of indoor prostitution with potential for global implementation in ways that respect significant similarities and differences between and among contexts and venues. The part explores how sex worker activism has successfully enabled decriminalization in ways that prioritize occupational health and safety as well as human rights for sex workers. It examines the disconnects between the law on paper and its everyday implementation and how sex workers resist and renegotiate their relationships with society and the state to foster particular living and working conditions.