ABSTRACT
One of the benefits of using (learner) corpora and applying corpus-linguistic techniques is the possibility of analyzing large amounts of learner data automatically. While some learner corpora have built-in concordancers that can be used online with that specific corpus, e.g. the latest edition of the International Corpus of Learner English, others consist of the learner data alone. The most ‘basic’ format of learner texts is ‘raw’ text, where each learner file contains nothing but the learner’s actual output (which may be written or spoken transcriptions) in the file. Concordancers offer a selection of tools that may be used to extract data from learner corpora. The two major concordance programs that have been used in (learner) corpus research in the past two decades are AntConc and WordSmith. In a standard search on lexical items, the concordance program ‘ignores’ everything that is put between angle brackets, so that the tags themselves will not be counted as words.
