ABSTRACT
The invention of the Americas in the wake of the European conquests was based upon imaginaries and appropriations of nature. Anthropologists have argued that such a separation of nature from society cannot be conceived of as universal. It is rather a typically Western way of ordering the world, which has been globalized through processes of epistemological violence. The concept “nature” is linked with the Western vision of modernity that arguably exists to draw an artificial separation between what is human and what is not. In the early 1970s, the Deep Ecology movement emerged as an approach and mode of activism that conceptualized nature differently and was influenced by the Hippie movement. Marxist ecology points to the fact that the labor process itself mediates and regulates the metabolic relation between humans and nature. Human production is based on the appropriation of nature.
