ABSTRACT
Classification of livestock production systems can be complex based on pests. A more reasonable manner to classify animal production systems is by their ecological characteristics rather than by specific commodity. Intensive systems are any system intensively managed with concentrated livestock in a particular location. The poultry industry is subdivided into broilers, layers, and turkey. Extensive systems are animal systems that encompass large areas and are usually pasture based systems that rely on native forage as the main food resource for the animals. Sheep and goat operations utilize both private and public rangelands across the United States. Horse flies and deer flies are a complex of biting flies that belong to the Tabanidae and cause very painful bites to livestock. The Asian longhorned tick is an invasive tick to the United States. Beetles encountered in livestock systems are usually associated with equine and poultry operations. Many livestock pests can overlap with forensically important arthropods, especially the flies and beetles.
