ABSTRACT
Zoning is a simple device used to protect people and their property. There are two pieces in the zoning puzzle—a zoning map and a zoning text. The zoning map simply illustrates how the entire area of a community is classified and divided up into distinct zoning districts, such that, in general, every parcel of land in the community may be identified as being at least in one zoning district. The zoning text serves two purposes. First, it explains the zoning rules that apply to each of the districts. Second, the text sets forth the procedures for administering the zoning ordinance and establishes the roles and responsibilities of the principal actors—zoning applicants, zoning administrators, planning commissions, zoning boards, and elected officials. A variance is a minor exception to the zoning rules that, if granted by proper authority, allows an applicant to do what could not otherwise be legally done. The key phrase is minor exception.
