ABSTRACT
The goal of the council democracy movements was some form of workplace democracy. Quite aside from the historical failure of the council movements, there is the whole question of its intellectual foundation since it is presumably not in favour of the state socialism/capitalism that came out of the 1917 Revolution in which the work councils or “soviets” played only an early role. This chapter focuses on the intellectual history of the case for workplace democracy that is quite independent of, if not antithetical to, Marxist socialism.
