This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the key concepts discussed in the preceding chapters of this book. The author suggested that we (our society and government – and profession) needed to readdress three substantial issues in the early provision for our children's learning: the education and training of parents, the curriculum appropriate for 0–7-year-olds and the pedagogy. The book proposes that early year's practitioners, teachers in nursery and primary schools, the Department of Education, Ofsted and the Independent Schools Inspectorate give serious consideration to the case for establishing a new Key Stage 1 for 0–7-year-olds. It describes a number of specific and valuable contributions to each of these concerns: parenting, the early year's curriculum and pedagogy. The book focuses on purposeful play, the new (to me) concept of planning in the moment and the over-riding concern that all practitioners should be helped to understand the nature and complexity of child-development.