ABSTRACT
Drawing on Christopher Ansell’s concept of “unruly problems”, this chapter considers how useful post hoc analyses, so-called “lessons learned”, have been for improving subsequent responses to international public health events. Given the infrequency of such events and their distinct characteristics, trial and error learning is unlikely to occur. Post hoc analyses of these events, however, tend to assume that sources of error can be reduced through advanced planning and by creating structures that support openness, transparency and information-sharing. This chapter argues that because these events have characteristics of unruly problems, they produce uncertainties and contingencies that are surprising, even for professionals with relevant past experience. After reviewing the lessons drawn from the respective events, the chapter explores whether those lessons helped responders succeed during subsequent response efforts. Many analyses assume that stronger systems for information sharing and/or punishing actors who are not open, can lead to more swift and accurate response efforts. This chapter argues that future analysis should consider how to support response efforts during periods of irreducible uncertainty and contingency.
