This chapter examines how effectively two transnational standard initiatives (TSI) concerned with labour rights in the garment industry contribute to a solution of labour rights issues. It presents how the question about effective implementation will be investigated in a systematic way through an analytical framework. The chapter provides a short introduction to the guiding methods. It provides explanations of why the intention-gap exists, and how effectiveness may be enhanced by modifying the gap. The strictness of rules is understood in the sense that the institutional design of a TSI is well-elaborated, clear and strong. The TSIs chosen for the empirical investigation are the Business Social Compliance Initiative and the Fair Wear Foundation. Both are social TSIs committed to the achievement of a bundle of the same International Labour Organisation core conventions in the apparel industry. The research problem under investigation concerns the issue of labour rights in the apparel industry.