ABSTRACT
Public transport performs well when it has a good flow of movement within dense urban areas. Improved public transport services are often regarded as the most effective way of encouraging people to leave their cars for urban travel, but such an approach has, so far, had little success. Land use, demography and patterns of movement need to be reassessed within the urban nodes and compared with existing modes of transport in terms of their capacity, efficiency, performance and quality of journey. The spatial organisation of an urban environment requires investigation of spatial integration, traffic management, interchange and urban zones. Sociopsychological factors also influence urban mobility. The success of future urban movement lies in changing travellers' perceptions and expectations of city travel. In London, the team looked at how international nodes and urban centres could be better connected. The urban spatial structure is path-dependent rather than linear. In Istanbul, the project looked at how to incorporate local and express services.
