ABSTRACT
During the past decade, multinational corporations (MNCs) such as Shell, Nike, Reebok, GAP and Nestlé (Spar 1998; Ruggie 2003) have been the target of several different boycott campaigns organised by non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in response to alleged violations of basic human rights, environmental and/or labour standards. As a result of these pressures, many MNCs have adopted codes of conduct that include a commitment to respect human rights, labour and environmental standards.
