Three decades of NGO activism in international environmental negotiations: who influences NGOs?

The involvement and effects of transnational actors in international politics is well documented (Gourevitch 1978; Adler 1992; Adler and Haas 1992; Haas 1992). These studies have focused on the extent to which transnational actors have affected domestic politics (Klotz 1995) and influenced international politics (Keck and Sikkink 1998), and on whether the structural conditions for their participation have changed (Willets 1996). However, outside of the non-state actors themselves, there is little debate on whether and, if so, how, the involvement of these actors in international politics affects their organisation, or how it affects their involvement in subsequent foreign policy processes.