ABSTRACT
Automobiles are inexorably linked with the environment at every stage—manufacturing, use and end-of-life (recycling and waste). The impact of automobiles on the environment has been far-reaching—beginning with urban air pollution and acid rain and other problems that transcend local borders. And, now, emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) underscore the global nature of environmental problems. Measuring these emissions in terms of tons of carbon, we see that the equivalent of 3 billion tons is added to the atmosphere each year from combustion of fossil fuels and depletion of forests.
