ABSTRACT
This chapter aims to identify and define the characteristic norms, values, and attitudes as well as organizational structures and processes that can serve to define evaluation cultures. It also aims to test these characterizing variables in four organizations and to develop a typology of evaluation cultures. The four organizations are: a regional administration in Sweden, research funding agency, Swedish music industry, and civil society organization. The four organizations are different in many ways but there are also similarities. The chapter discusses whether differences in evaluation culture may have consequences in terms of whether some evaluation cultures serve an organization better than others, and whether the differences belong to the past and will disappear with the increasing professionalization and spreading of evaluation practice. It describes the following four evaluation cultures in detail: the traditional hierarchy, professional bureaucracy, ad hoc network, and trustful group.
