ABSTRACT
This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on concepts discussed in the preceding chapters of this book. The book briefly reviews the types, patterns, data adequacy, causes, and effects of a particular subtype of violence in Canada. It focuses on overt physical violence rather than on psychological or structural violence. The book represents the most comprehensive treatment of the various subtypes of violence in Canada. Both the wider academic literature and the contributors to Violence in Canada point to five basic causes of violent crime, namely: interpersonal conflict situations, presence of weapons, influence of drugs and/or alcohol, media facilitation, and cultural or subcultural reinforcement. Most of the contributors also looked at the effects of their selected subtype of violence. There is a tendency to respond to violence with violence in particular prisons, which reproduce violence in society, or police whose violence is often the result of criminal violence.
